Writing Descriptions for a Patent Application

The description, together with the claims, is often referred to as the specification. As this word suggests, these are the sections of the patent application where you specify what your machine or process is and how it differs from previous patents and technology. The description starts off with general background information and progresses to more and more detailed information about your machine or process and its parts. By starting with an overview and continuing with increasing levels of detail you guide the reader to a full description of your intellectual property. You must write a complete and thorough description as you cannot add any new information to your patent application once it is filed. If you are required by the patent examiner to make any changes, you can only make changes to the subject matter of your invention that could be reasonably inferred from the original drawings and description. Professional help may be of benefit to ensure maximum protection for your intellectual property. Be careful not to add any misleading information or omit relevant items. Although your drawings are not part of the description (drawings are on separate pages) you should refer to them to explain your machine or process. Where appropriate, include chemical and mathematical formulae in the description. Examples - Looking at Other Patents Helps You With Yours Consider this example of a description of a collapsible tent frame. The applicant begins by giving background information and quoting previous similar patents. The section then continues with a summary of the invention which provides a general description of the tent frame. Following this is a listing of the figures and a detailed description of each element of the tent frame. The description of this patent for an electrical connector is divided into the description of the background of the invention (including the field of the invention and prior art), a summary of the invention, a brief description of the drawings {bottom of page}, and a detailed description of the electrical connector. How to Write the Description Below are some how-to instructions and tips to help get you started writing the description of your invention. When you are satisfied with the description you can begin the claims section of a patent application. Remember that the description and claims are the bulk of your written patent application. When writing the description, use the following order, unless you can describe your invention better or more economically in another way. The order is: TitleTechnical fieldBackground information and prior artDescription of how your invention addresses a technical problemList of figuresA detailed description of your inventionOne example of intended useA ​sequence listing  (if relevant) To begin, it might be helpful to just jot down brief notes and points to cover from each of the above headings. As you polish your description into its final form, you can use the outline suggested below. Begin on a new page by stating the title of your invention. Make it short, precise and specific. For example, if your invention is a compound, say Carbon tetrachloride not Compound. Avoid calling the invention after yourself or using the words new or improved. Aim to give it a title that can be found by people using a few keywords during a patent searching.Write a broad statement that gives the technical field related to your invention.Continue by offering background information that people will need to: understand, search for, or examine, your invention.Discuss the problems that inventors have faced in this area and how they have attempted to solve them. This is often called giving the prior art. The prior art is the published body of knowledge that relates to your invention. It is at this point that applicants frequently quote previous similar patents.State in general terms how your invention solves one or several of these problems. What you are trying to show is how your invention is new and different.List the drawings giving the figure number and a brief description of what the drawings illustrate. Remember to refer to drawings throughout the detailed description and to use the same reference numbers for each element.Describe your intellectual property in detail. For an apparatus or product, describe each part, how they fit together and how they work together. For a process, describe each step, what you start with, what you need to do to make the change, and the end result. For a compound include the chemical formula, the structure and the process which could be used to make the compound. You need to make the description fit all the possible alternatives that relate to your invention. If a part can be made out of several different materials, say so. You should aim to describe each part in sufficient detail so that someone could reproduce at least one version of your invention.Give an example of an intended use for your invention. You should also include any warnings of commonly used in the field that would be necessary to avert failure.If relevant to your type of invention, provide the sequence listing of your compound. The sequence is part of the description and is not included in any drawings. One of the best ways to understand how to write a patent for your type of invention is to take a look at already issued patents. Visit the USPTO online and do a search for patents issued for similar inventions to yours.

The Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana - 886 Words

Legalization of Marijuana Many Americans struggle with the idea of legalizing marijuana.. Does legalizing marijuana, for medical purposes, help people suppress the symptoms of depression and anxiety? Research shows us many different ways that medical marijuana helps people who struggle with depression and anxiety. For depression, it suppresses their symptoms. It also lifts their moods. For anxiety it helps push away the worriness and the stress of things they cannot control. Many people are diagnosed with depression. It is not uncommon. In fact, about fifteen million Americans older than the age of eighteen struggle with depression. (Anxiety and Depression Assn. of Amer.) There are many side effects to depression. According to Ann†¦show more content†¦If they suspect that it might be caused by medical issues, they will take some urine tests or some other kind of test. A person’s doctor also will ask her a series of medical questions referring to her previous health condition. The criteria needed include: be anxious consistently for over six months, not feeling like the anxiousness can be controlled, if she experiences panic attacks, or having any symptoms listed above on a consistent basis (â€Å"Anxiety†) Anxiety affects about eighteen percent of the American population between the age of eighteen to age fifty-four. That is about forty million people. When including the amount of people who do not seek medical help rounds the perc entage rises from eighteen percent to thirty percent (Folk) Marijuana has been around since B.C times. It is something a lot of people want to possess, either illegally or legally. When a person uses marijuana (medicinal or smoking) there are certain â€Å"side effects† that occur. Research shows that being on marijuana (cannabis) feels like she care free and really joyous, it increases her senses, and results in easy free relaxed body movements. Many smoke marijuana just to get high. But if doctors were allowed to take this ingredient and put it into medicines, it could be used to help in a good way versus feeling good in a bad way. So if we were able to produce marijuana in medicines imagine theShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana Essay1857 Words   |  8 PagesLegalization of Marijuana The role that social policies have in the lives of every citizen cannot be understated, as the rules, regulations, and laws that govern our society provide the foundation off which our social welfare system operates. Over the past several decades, the social policy issue of the legalization of marijuana has gained substantial traction in the public eye, making it a priority topic to be addressed on the government agenda. With Colorado and Washington becoming the firstRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana1605 Words   |  7 Pagesfamous scientists in the United States known as Carl Sagan. Marijuana has been one of the most debated topics in the media today, and numerous years before. Altogether, this debate has raised many questions, yet with very few answers of whether the legalization of marijuana should be passed, and expressed throughout the nation as a whole. The fight for legalizing marijuana has embraced itself to see success. The legalization of marijuana is essent ial in society today for three reasons: failed prohibitionRead MoreThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana958 Words   |  4 Pagesalcohol! The government knows what’s good for us! You can’t overdose on marijuana! Public schools told me â€Å"Be Healthy, don’t do drugs.† Arguments such as these are always thrown back and forth when going into a controversial conversation dealing with legalization of marijuana. Many people are on both ends of the spectrum when dealing with the legalization some may personally be involved due to run-ins with the law, family related issues, or personal beliefs. In a study, it was concluded that â€Å"more thanRead MoreThe Issue Of Marijuana Legalization Essay1527 Words   |  7 Pages The issue of marijuana legalization has been a hot topic in recent times, but to understand first why it became illegal. Marijuana became illegal the first time shortly after the Mexican Revolution ended in 1910. After their revolution, many people from Mexico brought with them their customs their ideas and with them they brought their use of marijuana as a relaxant and medicine for many ailments. Even though, the use of cannabis was already prevalent in America at the time, the term â€Å"marihuana†Read MoreThe Issue Of Legalization Of Marijuana3672 Words   |  15 Pages​The reader will be informed on the conflict within the United States dealing with the possible legalization of marijuana. Steps have been taken over the years involving laws prohibiting marijuana as well as steps getting closer to legalization. This debate continues to be a large conflict amongst citizens and politicians that are for and against the legalization of marijuana throughout the United S tates. ​There are four key steps to the method of problem solving and negotiation that are explainedRead MoreThe Issue Of Marijuana Legalization1712 Words   |  7 PagesThe matters of marijuana Marijuana is still illegal in the eyes of the federal government but the states claim it is, in fact, legal for the states to openly practice recreational and medicinal usage of the drug. Now with many people sick the only other option after numerous prescriptions that make the people sicker marijuana given its pain releasing properties seems to be the only thing we can count on. Marijuana first dated euphoric use dates back to 2737 BC. Its use spread from China to IndiaRead MoreThe Prevailing Issues For And Against Legalization Of Marijuana1409 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the prevailing issues for and against legalization of marijuana? Just because something is labelled as â€Å"illegal† does not mean it is bad. Likewise, when something is labelled as â€Å"legal† does not mean it is not bad. Throughout the progression of time, the Western outlook on Marijuana has changed drastically. A few decades ago, the idea of smoking Marijuana was perceived as a menace to the public and the discussion of legalizing Marijuana was greatly frowned upon. Particularly during the earlyRead MoreEthical Issues with Legalization of Marijuana Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pages2011 Marijuana is the third most popular recreational drug in America behind only alcohol and tobacco, and is estimated that nearly 80 million Americans use it at least one occasion.    According to government surveys, some 20 million Americans have smoked marijuana in the past year, and more than 11 million do so regularly despite harsh laws against its use. Being used for medicinal purposes or simply for recreational, there are not only laws to consider when the topic of legalization comes upRead MoreA Blunt Reality: The Controversial Issue of Marijuana Legalization1153 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversial issue of legalizing cannabis. Of course, several states have publicly legalized marijuana to the extent of medical use (with the exception of Colorado as it legalized both medical and recreational use). If something with a notoriously high capacity for abuse is forbidden but more and more exceptions are being made until everyone starts experimenting with it, we’ve got a prob lem on our hands. Although there are any number of reasons you can come with as to why marijuana should not beRead MoreShould Marijuana Legalization Be Legal?1532 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana Legalization Marijuana legalization is an issue that the United States is currently facing. Through all branches and aspects of government, the concept of marijuana legalization can be applied and understood. In order to better frame the policy issue, the policy should be viewed through different lenses and all aspects of government. In this essay, it will be shown how marijuana legalization truly incorporates all areas of government interest. First, the politics of marijuana legalization

MC Donald USA

Questions: What do the readings mean to me as an executive, my management team, and my company? What opportunities and challenges does it identify for us? What changes in goals, strategies, policies, practices, and structure might it point to? What connections can I make to theory / other readings? Answers: Introduction The business identified and discusses herein is that of McDonalds USA. The business had been a market leader in burger manufacturing and is the largest global chain of burgers, originating out of US. However, the change in policies, business competitions are aimed at the modern day market competitions which ensures that the brand grows up to be the most found food brand in the nation. The turnaround plans identified and discussed are based upon the revised strategies of the business in its competitive business environment. The identified areas were speed, agility and prompt deliveries to the consumers. In the year 1997 the business decentralized its brands operations were meant to have a localized controls and selection of menu in the specific geographical locations. The report would evaluate the application of industrial standards which shows the observations from the McDonalds case as well as a response to the researchers line of solution that would focus on strategic and structura l shift of the business. MC Donalds Overview The brand of McDonalds is a household name among the US citizens. The offerings were food which was unique and made the brand go global. However, the challenge was observed when the sales volume since the month of October 2013. The operational structure of the business is such that the stores started to lose the volume and thus concentrated in area specific choice of menu to enhance the lost share in made to order burger with the element of speedy delivery. This was not enough so the Vice President wanted a change in the speed; agility and authority to be decisive were the road ahead. The nation was then further subdivided upon the market lines of 5 different segments with same number of chiefs to concentrate on their respective areas. The idea was to let the decision making be decentralized and faster with space for innovation and area specific service and delivery while identify the threats and act accordingly to be head of the competitors (Boje et al, 2005). Future views The strategies applied in 1997 with new region wise distribution actually did not generate any benefit in terms of strategic success of sales growth increase. However, the localization of food is an idea that the brand is perusing as its thinking that more and more consumer taste specific deliveries along with speedy efficiency, the sustainability shall increase. To be more sophisticated in looks, brand looks, packaging, employee duty hour clothing are all supposed to get an over haul (Elangovan et al, 2011). Opinion The McDonalds had been a known brand for its burgers. Its old and well identified brand in the market, thus the revamp of brand logo, modifications may affect the consumers stimuli. Whether it would have a positive identification effect or that perception of McDonalds not being the same any more has to be observed in the near future. However, the strategies of localization has not affected then sales much as is evident, thus the use of more localized outlets (2000 more globally) would be judged by time alone. Nevertheless, the use of junk food has significantly reduced in the modern days of health conscious population and the researcher suggests the food value or the nutritional aspect inclusion in the menu would have a positive effect on consumers. References Boje, D., Driver, M. and Cai, Y. (2005). Fiction and Humor in Transforming McDonalds Narrative Strategies. Culture and Organization, 11(3), pp.195-208. Elangovan, D., Sundararaj, G., Devadasan, S. and Karuppuswamy, P. (2011). Development of futuristic supply chain risk management pilot strategies for achieving loss reduction in manufacturing organisations. W Jnl of Ent Man and Sust Dev, 6(1/2), pp.39-51. McDonald, D. (2011). Challenging Ronald: McDonald versus McDonald's. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 48(2), pp.103-105.

Shakespeare Coursework Essay Example For Students

Shakespeare Coursework Essay Englands greatest poet and playwright was born at Stratford-upon-Avon, on 23rd April 1564. He died on the same date in 1616. William, the eldest son, and third child (of eight) was baptised on 26th April 1564 and probably educated at Stratford Grammar School, but little is known of his life up to his eighteenth year. At the age of eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway eight years his senior. Five years later he left for London. William worked at the Globe Theatre and appeared in many small parts. He first appeared in public as a poet in 1593 with his Venus and Adonis and the following year with The Rape of Lucrece. He became joint proprietor of The Globe and also had an interest in the Blackfriars Theatre. When he retired from writing in 1611, he returned to Stratford to live in a house which he had built for his family. His only son, Hamlet died when still a child. He also lost a daughter Judith (twin to Hamlet), but his third child Susanna married a Stratford Doctor, John Hall and their home Halls Croft is today preserved as one of the Shakespeare Properties and administered by the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. In 1616 Shakespeare was buried in the Church of the Holy Trinity the same Church where he was baptised in 1564. Tradition has it that he died after an evenings drinking with some of his theatre friends. His gravestone bears the words:- Good frend for Jesus sake forebeare, to digg the dust encloased heare, Bleste be ye man yt spares thes stones, And curst be he yt moves my bones. Some of Shakespeares most famous plays are: * Romeo and Juliet. * The Taming of the Shrew * A Midsummer Nights Dream * Alls Well that Ends Well * The Merry Wives of Windsor * Henry V * Much Ado about Nothing * As you like it * Twelth Night * Julius Caesar * Hamlet * Othello * Measure for Measure * Macbeth * King Lear * A Winters Tale * The Tempest ACT 1 SCENE 2 Paris asks Lord Capulet (Juliets father) if he could have his daughters hand in marriage. Back in Shakespeares time, it was the father that decided who could marry his daughter. So if he decided that you had to marry the wealthy, upper class 43 year old man from across the road, and you were a 14 year old girl, then you would have to obey your father, and youd probably have to have a few kids too. Marriage wasnt about love in those days; it was about money, power and class. It was about bringing families wealth together, and marrying someone of your own class. If you married someone who was lower down than you (ie, poorer than you), then it would look like you could only attract poor people off the street. People got married at a very early age, like 13 or so, and would have kids a few years later. Even though Paris is from a very rich family, Lord Capulet decides that Juliet (who is 13) is too young, and is very precious to him, seeing as his other children all died. He says that Paris must; Let two more summers wither in their pride, Ere we may think her ripe to be a bride. (lines 10/11) Basically that just means that that Paris must wait two more years until he can marry her, because she is not yet ready. Paris argues that Younger than she are happy mothers made (line 12), but Lord Capulet still doesnt give in. Lord Capulet tries to put Paris off by telling him to come to his party later that night, so that he can choose the most beautiful woman there to marry, even though there will be many to choose from (lines 31/32; And like her most whose merit shall be, Which on more view of many, mine, being one). So to sum up Capulets mood in this scene, I would say that he is getting rather annoyed with Paris, and he thinks that he must protect Juliet, and by not giving her away to Paris, he feels he is doing this. Franco Zeffirelli and Baz Luhrman EssayHe shall not make me there a joyful bride (lines 116 117) What Juliet has just said is that she shall not make a joyful bride tomorrow, by the name of St. Peter. Juliet is obviously angry about this and tells her mother: I will not marry yet, and when I do, I swear, It shall be Romeo, whom you know I hate. (lines 121 122) Lady Capulet is angered by this, and says; Here comes your father, tell him so yourself; And see how he will take it at your hands. (lines 124 125) Then Capulet and the nurse enter the room. Lord Capulet wonders why Juliet is crying. Lady Capulet is still angry, and shouts; Ay, sir, but she will none, she gives you thanks, I would the fool be married to her grave. (lines 139 140) She has just said to her daughter I wish you were dead! Lord Capulet has a go at Juliet, exclaiming that Juliet is a selfish, ungrateful and unworthy. How, will she none? doth she not give us thanks? Is she not proud? doth she not give us thanks? (lines 142 143) Juliet gets in a state, and says that she is not thankful for anything, and that she hates Paris. Then, in between lines 149 157, Lord Capulet calls his daughter a mistress minion you which means cheeky girl, a green sickness carrion, a tallow face and baggage, which means a vomity looking object, ugly and a minx. He goes on later to call her a hilding (slut), and says that having her was a curse. The nurse says; God in heaven bless her! (line 168) That makes Capulet angry, and he starts on the nurse. In Shakespeares times, the children had to obey everything that their parents said. The parents had the right to bully, hit and verbally abuse the children if they did something wrong, as we have encountered in this scene. Especially the fathers, who had control over their wives too. This had changed now, because kids today dont really care about much these days. If we get told off, we arent bothered, and most of the time we find it funny. We are just like yeah, whatever! Nowadays, we wind up our parents on purpose, because when they tell you off, it is just funny, and you dont feel threatened by it. Anyway, if someone did today what Capulet couldve done, i.e. hit Juliet, then as it is against the law, then they would get fined a lot of money (past offenders got between à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1000 and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10,000), and/or anything up to 5 years imprisonment. So the conclusion in this is that Capulet likes to change his mind a lot, and is a bit two faced. I can tell this because in Act 1 Scene 2, when Paris proposes, he is like wait until Juliet is older, in a few years time and totally against the idea of his precious daughter getting married. Then in Act 3 Scene 5 he is really angry when Juliet reacts badly to the news that she has to marry Paris, and Capulet is for it this time. He insults her so badly, and is forcing her to something that she doesnt want to do. So he is being two faced in a way. His daughter that he loved so much before has now become nothing to him, because of a pathetic reason, and Capulet doesnt actually care. I can see that Lady Capulet is scared of her husband, because she doesnt try that hard to stick up for Juliet. In fact, I get the feeling that the Nurse is closer to Juliet than her own mother is, because she tries to stop Capulets verbal attack on Juliet. In Shakespeares times, mothers from rich times often hired a wet nurse. These were nurses who breast fed, bathed and cared for the child as if it was their own. So this could be the reason why I think they are so close.